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The international currency market FOREX appeared at the early 70th of the XX century as a result of origin of the system of floating courses of national currencies (since March 1973). Importers and exporters and bank structures connected with them were forced to become the regular participants of currency market, as the changes of courses of currencies showed their financial performances both with positive and from a negative side... read more >>

Currency speculator, who is he or she?

In modern terms practically all financial operations at the market are speculative by their nature, and there is nothing anomalous or criminal in it. The daily size of the currency operations carried out in this segment overcomes one of the most bright indexes of markets' globalization. It grew from 206 milliards of dollars in 1986 to 967 milliards in 1992 only for to 10 basic financial centers. By estimations of IMF, on the whole he exceeds a 1 trillion of dollars per day, and in separate days the volume of the accomplished operations reaches up to 3 trillion USD. Just compare this with the volume of gold-supplies of the entire developed countries which was made only for 555,2 milliards of dollars in the early 90's of the XX century, that in 2 times less than the daily volume of operations at this market. Due to some counts, the volume of currency operations in 40 times exceeds the daily volume of foreign trade transactions. Consequently, these operations in their majority are caused by a non-commercial necessity. And financial operation always just and is dictated as a search for profitable occasion.

World currency system, which functioning presently develops with the help of people accomplishing currency operations, is named a "speculator psychology". In the world, where the courses of currencies deviate in one or another side for few percents weekly, where the currencies are considered to be steady and then they can lose during few days about 20-30 % the cost, fully obvious, that manager, aiming to compensate the inevitable losses, must resort speculative operations.

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01// As well as any market, FOREX has the participants: they are persons accomplishing transactions and intermediary operations. Central banks take part as members. The management by currency backlogs, conducting of currency interventions having influence on the level of exchange rate, is included in their function, and also adjusting of level of interest rates on the investments in national currency.

02// International corporations, carrying out foreign trade operations, companies participating in international trade is steady demand produced on foreign currency (in part of importers) and suggestion of currency (exporters), and also placed and attracted free currency tailings in short-term deposits. Thus these organizations of direct access to the currency market, as a rule, do not have and conduct conversion and deposit operations through commercial banks.

03// Functioning of currency markets is not halted not even for a minute. In calendar days they start working at Far East, in New Zealand (Wellington), passing time zones consistently - in Sidney, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Moscow, Frankfurt-on-Mein, London and finishing day in New York and Los Angeles. Counting out of time zones is conducted from a zero-meridian passing through Greenwich (suburb of London), and time carries the name of world or GMT - Greenwich Mean Time.

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